Means for reproducing motion



Jan. 13, 1942. w. A. REICHEL MEANS FOR REPRODUCING MOTION Original Filed March 2, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. W/ad/hw ,4. Fe/b/Ie/ Wm WM ATTORNEYS.

Jan. 13, 1942. RElCHEL 2,269,602

MEANS FOR REPRODUCING MOTION Original Filed March 2, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 POSITION REVOLUTION INVENTOR.

{MI/1v LIMITS OF HA6 ATTORNEYS.

. Patented 1.... 13,194:

MEANS roa nmonuomo Morrow .wnaimir A. new, Belleroee, N. n, as'signor to Bendix Aviation corporation. Bendix, N. 1., a I

corporation of Delaware Continuation ofapplieation Serial No. 259,489, March 2, 1939. This application July 10, 1940, Serial No. was:

150mm. mire-439i 4 Thisapplication is a continuation of my applireaction between its own fleld and the field prooation. No. 259,489,1iled March 2, 1939, and duced by said last-mentioned windings. the-invention relates to means for reproducing Finally, another object of the invention is to motion and more particularly to novel means for reproducing motion at a remote point.

lnvention is particularly adapted for re- ,in'dication, i. e. for measuring the value oLja factor at one polntand indicating that valueat another point remote from the firstpoint, but the invention may also be remotecontrol'of objects it so desired. 1

accordingly, one of the objects or the presenjt invention is to provide novel means for re- Producing motion.

.hnother" object is to provide novel means for reproducing motion at a remote point.

Another object of the invention is to provide is" for use as a transmitter or receiver and arranged for connection toa similar device functioning respectiveLv as a receiver or transmitter, said device comprising a stator having a polyphase winding and a single-phase winding, one of said windused for wings being energized by an alternating current, and a poled rotatable magnet associated in magnetic relation with said windings.

The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention will appear more fully It hereinafter from a consideration of the detailed description which follows, taken together with the accompanying drawings wherein one embodiment of the invention is illustrated by way of a novel remote'control system whereby an ob provide a novel electromagnetic device adapted atone point may be controlled irom another 32d. point.

@Btill another object is to provide a novel re mote indicating system. A further object of the invention is to provide a novel'system for measuring the value of a iactor, at one point and for indicating that value at another and-remote point.

fjA stilL further object is to provide a noveL electrical system, for reproducing motion'at a remotepoint and embodying two similiar elec-- trolnagnetic devices one of which is a transmitthe other a receiver, and each of which comprises a stator and a rotor having no brushes, slip, or commutatora of any kind.

"A still further object of the invention is to provide a novel combination comprising a measuringinstrument at one point, an indicator at another and remote point, astationary polyphase winding at'the measuring instrument, a stationsingle-phasewinding' with said polyphase win i 8 similar statonary polyphase win-iing at the remote indicator and electri'ally connected to the first-mentioned polyplg'ase winding, a stationary single-phase windingassociated with said second-mentioned polyphase winding, a source-of alternating current foren'ergizing one of the windings at the measurin'g instrument and a corresponding one of the windingsuit the indicator, a poled rotatable magnet at the fmeasuring instrument and drlvably connected thereto for actuation thereby, and a similar poled rotatable magnet at the indicator.

drivably connected thereto for actuating the same and in influencing ration with the example. It is to be expressly understood, how- -2u' ever, that the drawings are for purposes of illuspurpose to the appended claims. 25 In the drawings, wherein like reference characters refer to likepartathroughout the several views; o v

Fig. 1 is a more or less di rammatic illustration of one form of apparatus embodying the 30 invention as applied to the production of a remote indication byan altimeter, for example. and shows a transmitter and receiver with their magnetic and electric circuits and connections;

t, Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a portion of the transmitter shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a corresponding portion of the receiver shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram of curves showing the relation of the magnetic fluxes and the voltage and current in the transmitter;

Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of curves showing the relation of the magnetic fluxes and the currents in the receiver;

5' Fla. 6 is an explanatory diagram of curves.

showing the relation of the voltages in the threephase windings of the transmitter and receiver;

and

Fig; '7 is a magnetization curve of the core of 5 the transmitter.

ta transmitter 8 and a remote receiver 9- elecat said indicator for actuation by. the oi'i'trioaliy connected to said transmitter in a manner which will be explained more fully hereinafter.

The transmitter comprises, as shown, a stator it in the form of an annulus or ring highly permeable magnetic material such, tor example, as .Permalloy," providing a core having a plurality of pole pieces ll, i2 and i3 on the inner periphery thereof and, in the present instance, angularly spaced 120 apart along the periphery of said core. On the annular or rim portion of the core of said stator i is a single-phase winding it which is wound on the portions of the ring between adjacent pole pieces. Three windings i5, i6 and II are wound on the pole pieces H. i2 and i3, respectively, of the core of the stator i3 and are connected in three-phase relation at the junction l8 to form a Y-connected threephase winding.

magnetic material such as Permalloy," providing a core having a plurality of pole pieces 20, 2|- and 22, respectively, on the inner periphery thereof and also angularly spaced 120 apart along the periphery of said core as in the case of the transmitter. On the annular or rim portion of the core of said stator i3 is a single-phase winding 23 which is wound on the portions of the ring i9 between adjacent pole pieces. Three windings 24, 25 and 26 are wound on the pole pieces 2t, 2| and 22, respectively, of the core of said stator l3 and are likewise connected in 4 three-phase relation at the junction 21 to iform a Y-connected three-phase winding as in the case of the three windings I5, i6 and I! 0! the tively, whilethe single-phase winding H on the core id of the transmitter is connected to the corresponding single-phase winding 23 on the core 89 of the receiver by means of leads 33 and 3!, and these windings I4 and 23 are both energized'by a suitable alternating current of a frequency f supplied from a suitable source 32 connected to the leads 30 and 3| by means of leads 33 and 34. The alternating current source 32 may be an alternating current generator, alternator or a vacuum tube oscillator, for example.

concentrically arranged within the stator core ill of the transmitter and cooperating with the pole pieces i I, I2, and i3 is a rotor 35 in the form of a magnetic member of marked polarity as, for

example, a rotatable permanent magnet having north and south poles as indicated at N and S, providing a uni-directional magnetic field. The rotor magnet 35, in the present instance, is shown in the form of a disc the upper half of which constitutes the north pole and the lower half the south pole thereof.

At the receiver there is likewise provided a rotor 36 substantially identical to the rotor 35 of the transmitter and arranged concentrically within thestator core I3 01 the receiver for cooperation with the pole pieces 23, 2| and 22.

Means are now provided for rotating the rotor 35 in accordance with the factor to be measured and to be indicated at the remote point by the receiver in a manner which will be explained the present instance, a drive shaft 8? having one end connected to the rotor 35 and carrying at its other end a pinion 38 meshing with a gear sector 33 which is pivoted at 40, the gear sector 33 being connected to a measuring instrument such, ior example, as an evacuated bellows or aneroid ll by means of a link 42 and a lever 63. Thus, upon expansion and contraction or the evacuated bellows or aneroid ll, the gear sector 33 is actuated on its pivot 46 and thereby drives the pinion 38 to rotate the magnet rotor 35 in a direction and amount corresponding to the direction and amount of movement of the evacuated bellows oraneroid ll.

The rotor magnet 36 of the receiver is drivablyconnected to an indicator 6 in any suitable manner as by means of a shaft 45 one end of which is connected to the rotor magnet 36 and the other end of which is connected to a pointer 46 which in Fi'g. 1, it will be seen that the single-phase winding it which is energized by alternatin current from source 32 will produce a flux i in the ring Ill, which is first in the direction shown by the arrow and then reversesso that a periodic reversal of the flux or takes place at a frequency corresponding to the frequency f of the alternating current from source 32. The rotor magnet 35, when in the position shown in Fig. 2, sends a flux 412 through the pole piece II and ring ll oi the stator in the directions shown by the arrow, i. e. this flux an, after entering the pole piece ii, flows in two directions, namely, a portion going to the left and a portion going to the right, as viewed in Fig. 2.

The flux 1 produced by the alternating current from source 32 varies in such a manner that it is suflicient in amplitude to saturate portions of the ring it during a part oi the cycle, as shown in Fig. 7, i. e. when 1 and 4: are in the same direction. Fig. 4 of the drawings shows the variation of the exciting current I1 of fundamental irequency supplied to the winding ll from the of the changes in the flux 5: there is generated a second harmonic voltage E2 in winding l5 around the pole piece H. In the same manner second harmonic voltages are generated in the windings l6 and I! which are wound around the pole pieces [2 and I3, respectively.

In Fig. 6 are shown the values of the voltages of each of the phases formed by the three-phase connection of the windings l5, l6 and I! at the junction l8, the voltage of the phase between windings l5 and I6 being designated as E1-2, the voltage between the windings l6 and I! as Ez-a. and the voltage oi the phase between the windings l5 and II as E14. These second harmonic voltages are in phase and vary only in amplitude with the position of the magnet rotor 35 with respect to the respective pole pieces I I, I2 and I3 carrying the windings l5, l6 and I I, respectively.

when the magnet rotor 36 of the receiver is in the same position as the magnet rotor 35 of the transmitter, as shown in Fig. 1, i. e., when the rotors 35 and 33 are in step, the same action takes place in the ring core member 19 and windmore fully hereinafter. Such means comprise,in 5 voltages are produced in the three-phase connected windings 24, 24 and 26, which are equal to the second harmonic voltages produced in the windings Ii, 16 and. I! but are in an opposite direction, and. as a result there is no current flow in the connecting leads 21, 28 and 28 by which the windings II, It and ll of the transmitter are connected to the windings 24, 25 and 26 of the receiver. If, however, the magnet rotor II is displaced. the secondary voltages of the windings II. It and" will no longer be equal, and currents will fiow in the leads 21, 28, and 22, thereby producingja torqu at the receiver and bringing the magnet rotor 36 in step with the magnet rotor 25 oi the transmitter in a manner which will I now be explained with reference to Fig, 3.

In Fig. 3 is shown a portion of the magnetic circuit of the receiver shown in Fig. 1 and corresponding to the portion or the magnetic circuit oithe transmitter previously described with reference to Fig. 2, except that the magnet rotor 3 is now in a position difierent than the magnet rotor 35 of the transmitter and represents a relative displacement between the tworotors as by angularly moving the magnet rotor 25 oi'the transmitter so as to bring it out or step with the rotor magnet 36 of the receiver. Thus, in-the position of themagnet rotor 36 shown in Fig. 3 there is no flux supplied by the rotor magnet to the pole piece 20' and hence there is no voltage in the winding 24 to balance the voltage introduced therein by the winding I5 connected thereto. Con sequently,a second harmonic ourpointer 40 or the indicator u by the connecting rent I: fiows inwinding 24 setting up a flux 4::

through pole piece 20 and the ring core IQ of the stator of the receiver. The winding 23 being sup- [plied with the same alternating current I1 of fundamental frequency, produces a flux 961 to saturate portions of the ring core member I! during a part of the cycle.

Fig. 4 shows the exciting current 1 1 01' fundamental frequency, the flux 1, and the flux oz produced by the second harmonic current I2. It will be noted that during one hali of every cycle of the second harmonic current I2, the ring core member I9 is saturated and as a result very little of thefiux oz flows, but that during the other half cycle of the second harmonic current I2, the ring core member I9 is not saturated and a considerable amount or the flux 2 flows. As a resuit, ,the time average of flux 4:: in the ring core member IQ of the"stator oi the receiver is not zero but is positive as shown by the dash line-in Fig. 4. This flux 2 sets up an average southpole in the pole piece 20 as indicated by S in Fig, 3.

This south pole then attracts the north pole N of the rotor magnet 36, setting up the torque which brings the magnet rotor 36 into step with the magnet rotor 25 of the transmitter.

. From the foregoing, it will be seen that ii the magnet rotor of the transmitter (Fig. 1) is rotated by'the shaft 31 in response to. the expansion or contraction oi the aneroid 4|, second har monic currents will fiow from the windings. I5;

I! and II, to the windings 24, 25 and 2', respectively, of the receiver, and thesesecond harmonic currents will then produce a pulsating uni-directional flux in the ring core member IS. the average value of which is such as to produce a unidirectional field having a direction corresponding to the direction or the uni-directional field of the magnet rotor 35' of the'transmitter in its displaced position. This uni-directional field will then react with the field of the magnet rotor 30 of the receiver to cause rotation 01 said magnet rotor and this rotation is then impartedto the shaft 4|. The indication of the pointer with respect to the scale 41. will correspond to the value measured by the aneroid 4| and transmitted by the transmitter I.

v The theory oi operation of the apparatus and system is as follows:

The exciting alternating current 11 of fundamental frequency is provided by the source 22, while the magnet rotor 35 produces a uni-directional fiux 4: in the magnetic circuit formed by the ring core member It or the transmitter. The direction ofthis uni-directional flux o: is angularly varied by rotating said magnet rotor in accordance with the expansion and contraction of the aneroid 4|. Upon this uni-directional flux produced in the core member It by the magnet rotor 56 is superimposed an alternating fiux 1 bymeans of the alternating current 11 supplied to the winding l4 from source 32, thus periodically varying the reluctance'of the magnetic circuit as, for example, by periodically saturating the same and, hence, periodically varying the uni-directional flux produced by the magnet rotor 35. As a result of the variation of the unidirectional fiux 2, there is induced in eachof the windings ll, it and I! an alternating current 1:, which is the second harmonic of the exciting current I1, flowing in the winding l4. This second harmonic current-I: is transmitted to the receiver 9 at the remote point andproduces in the magnetic circuit of the ring core member IS an altemating flux upon which is superimposed another alternating fiux of fundamental frequency by means of the winding 22 which is energized from the source 32, whereby th alternating second harmonic flux produced by the windings 24, 25 and 26, is, in efiect, rectified to produce a pulsating uni-directional flux the average value of which is such as to produce a uni-directional field having a direction corresponding to the direction of the uni-directional. flux produced by the magnet rotor 35 at the transmitter in the position to which it has been displaced by the operation of the aneroid 4| (as shown in Fig. 3). This uni-directional field reacts with the uni-directional field of the magnet rotor 38 to produce a torque which produces rotation of said magnet rotor 36, thereby actuating the pointer 48 the scale 41 of the indicator 44.

As previously pointed out, the indicator 44 may be replaced by any object which it is desired to control from a remote point. For example, the indicator 44 may be a gun turret controlled from a remote point. at which the, transmitter may be located, and the transmitter may be actuated manually, i. e., the magnet rotor 35 may be rotated by hand to a desired position, where-. by the gun turret will be operated by the .receiver and move angularly into a position corresponding to the position to which the magnet rotor-2| of the transmitter was moved.

From the ,foregoing, it will be seen that there is thus provided novel means for reproducing at anotherand remote point, as at the receiver.

- ceiver and arranged for connection to a similar,'

There is also provided a novel electro-magnetic device adapted for use as-a transmitter or re-.

device functioning respectively as a receiver orv transmitter, and comprising a stator having a polyphase winding and asingle-phase winding,

one of the windings being energized by an alternating current, and a poled rotatable magnet associated in magnetic relation with the two, windings.

Although only one embodiment of the inven-\ tion has been illustrated and described, various changes and modifications in the form and relative arrangement of the parts and circuits, which will now appear to those skilled in the art, may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. v

For example, instead of the three poles II, It and I3 and the three windings I5, l6 and I! used in the transmittenfour or five poles and four or five associated windings may be used, and in such event a corresponding number of poles and windings would be provided at the receiver.

Reference is, therefore, to be had to the appended claims for a definition of the limits of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. An electromagnetic device adapted for use as a transmitter or receiver and arranged for electrical connection to a similar device function-- ing respectively as a receiver or transmitter, said device comprising a stator having a three-phase winding and a single-phase winding, one of said windings being energized by an alternating cur-- rent, and a poled rotatable magnet associated in. magnetic relation with said windings.

2. An electromagnetic device adapted for use as a transmitter or receiver and arranged for elec trical connection to a similar device functioning respectively as a receiver or transmitter, said device comprising a stator having a polyphase winding and asingle-phase winding, one of said windings being energized by an alternating cur:-

comprising in combination with a controlling object "and a remote driven object, a transmitting device connected to said controlling object and a receiving device connected to said driven object, said transmitting and receiving devicesbeing similar and each comprising a closed core member of permeable magnetic material, a threephase winding on each core member, the winding of one core member being electrically connected in corresponding phase relation to the winding on the other core member, a singlephase winding on each of said core members, a source of alternating current connected to said single-phase windings for energizing them to vary the reluctance of the magnetic paths in said core members, and a rotatable magnet at each core member and mounted coaxially and in magnetic relation therewith, the one magnet being drivably connected to said controlling object and the other being drivably connected to said driven object whereby, upon angular movement of the one magnet by the controlling object, a current is caused to flow from the three-phase winding of the transmitting device to the threephase winding of the receiving device to produce a uni-directional magnetic field at the latter winding, the direction of said field being such as to cause the magnet at the receiving device to move angularly into a position corresponding to the position of the magnet at the transmitting device, thereby angularly moving the driven object an amount and in a direction corresponding to the amount and direction of angular movement of the controlling object.

5. Means for repeating angular movements comprising, in combination with a controlling object and a driven object, a transmitting derent, and a poled rotatable magnet associated in I magnetic relation with said windings.

3. Means for repeating angular movements comprising in combination with a controlling object and a remote driven object, a transmitting device connected to said controlling object and a receiving device connected to said driven object, said transmitting and receiving devices being similar and each comprising a closed core member of permeable magnetic material, a polyphase winding on each core member, the winding of one core member being electrically connected in corresponding phase relation to the winding on the other core member, a single-phase winding on each of said core members, a source of alternating current connected to said single= phase windings for energizing them to vary the reluctance of the magnetic paths in'said core members, and a rotatable magnet at each core member and mounted coaxially and in magnetic relation therewith, the. one magnet being drivably connected to said controlling object and the other being drivably connected to said driven ob ject whereby, upon angular movement of the one magnet by'the controlling object, a current is caused to fiow from the polyphase winding of the transmitting device to the polyphase winding of the receiving device to produce a nni-direc-= tional' magnetic field at the latter winding, the direction of said field being such as to cause the magnet at the receiving device to move angularly into a position corresponding to the position of the magnet at the transmitting device, thereby angularly moving the driven object an amount and in a direction corresponding to the amount and direction of angular movement of the controlling object.

4. Means for repeating angular movements vice connected to said controlling object and a receiving device connected to said driven object, said transmitting and receiving device being similar and each comprising a stator having a polyphase winding and a single-phase winding, the polyphase windings of the two devices being electrically connected together in corresponding phase relation, a source of alterhating current connected to a corresponding one of the windings of each device, and a rotatable magnet at each stator and mounted in magnetic relation therewith, the one magnet being connected to said controlling object and the other magnet being drivably connected to said driven object.

6. In combination, a transmitter at one point and a receiver at another and remote point. a statil .' tionary polyphase winding at the transmitter. a

stationary single-phase windin associated with said polyphase winding, a rotatable magnet in influencing relation with said windings. a similar stationary polyphase winding at the remote receiver and electrically connected to the first-mentioned polyphase winding in' corresponding phase relation, a stationary single-phase winding associated with said second-mentioned polvohase winding, a source of alternating current for energizing one of the windings at the transmitter and a corresponding one of the windings at the receiver, and a rotatable magnet at the receiver and associated with'the windings thereof for actuation by the reaction between its own field and the field produced by the windin s of said receiver upon rotation of the magnet at the transmitter,

7. An electromagnetic device adapted for use as a transmitteror receiver and arranged for electrical connection to a similar device func- -at theiirstcorathemagnet is tioning respectively as a receiver or transmitter, said device comprising a stator having a polyphase winding and a single phase winding, one of said windings being energized by a periodically varying current, and a poled magnet associated in magnetic relation with said windings.

8.- An electromagnetic device adapted for use as a transmitter or receiver and arranged for electrical connection to a similar device functioning respectively as a receiver or transmitter, said device comprising a stator including an annular closed core or magnetically permeable material, coil means on said core and provided with a polyphase connection for connecting one part of said coil means to a corresponding part of the coil means of a similar device and al oprovided with connections for energizing another part of said coil means by a periodically varying electric, current, and a rotor comprising a poled masnet associated in magnetic relation with said co and coil means.

9. An electromagnetic device adapted for use as a transmitter or receiver, and arranged for electrical connection to a similar device functioning respectively as a receiver or transmitter, said device comprising a stator including an annular closed. core member or magnetically permeable material, coil means on said core and provided with a polyphase connection for connecting one part or said coil means to a corresp nding part or thecoil means of a similar device and also provided with a single phase connection for energizing another part said coil means by a single phase alternating current, and a rotor comprising a poled magnet associated in magnetic rela-, tion with said core and said coil means.

10. Means for transmitting angular movements from one point to another point, comprising a first relatively stationary annular core of mag-. netically permeable material at the first point, a polyphase winding and a single phase winding on said core, a rotatable magnet adjacent said core and mounted for rotation about the axis or said core a second relatively stationary annular core oi magnetically permeable material at the other point, a po ypha winding and a single phase winding on said second core, a rotatable magnet adjacent said second core and mounted for rotation'about-the axis or said second core, means electrically connecting the polyp windings of the two coreameans electrically connecting the single phasewindings or thetwo cores, and a source of periodically varying-cur.- rent connected to a Wading winding oi each .core where y. upon rotatiton or he magnet rotated.

flrst 'core member permeable material, coil means on saidnrst core member, havconneetion, a rotatable magnet in influencing relationwithsaidem'amembertorinducingamagnetic flux therein, a receiver comprising a secterlal, coil means on said second core member and also having polyphase connections and a single phase connection, the polyphase connection of the first coil meansbeing electrically connected to the polyphase connections of the second coil means in corresponding phase relation, a source of periodically varying current connected to the single phase connection of both 0! said coil means, and a rotatable magnet associated with the coil means of the second core member for actuation by the reaction between its own ileld and the ileld produced by the coil means or the sec-' ond core member upon rotation of the magnet at the transmitter.

12. An electromagnetic device adapted for use as a transmitter or receiver, comprising a stator 7 including a core of magnetically permeable material, coil means on said core and having a-poly- *phasepartandasinglephasepart,oneotsaid parts being arranged ior energisation by a periodically varying current, and a rotor compris- -ingapoledmagnetassociatedinmagneticrelation with said core and coil means.

13. An electromagnetic device adapted tor) use as atransm'itter or receiver, comprising a stator including a core of magnetically permeable material, coilmeans onsaidcoreandhavingapoly phasepart and-asinglephasepart. saidsingle phase partbeing arranged for energisation by analternating current,andarotorcomprisinga oled magnet associated in magnetic relation withsiidgare and coil means. a a a is. m cdinbination, a transmitter comprising first coremeans of magnetically permeable material, coil means on said first core mans, having polyphase connections and a single phase connection, a rotatable magnetin influencing relation with said core means for inducing a magneticiiuxtherein, areeeivercomprising'seeond core means of magnetically permable material. coilmeansonsaideeoondcoremeansandalso havingpolyphaseconnectionsandasingle phase 7 connectiomthepolyphaseconneetionscttheiirst coil means being'electrically connected to the aspolyphaseconnectionsotthesecondeoilmeans incorrespondingphasereiamamreeotperiodicallyvaryingcurrentconnectedto theslnsl phaseconnectionotbothoisaid'coflmeanamd ja rotatable'msanet emaciated with the coil tomeans'orsaidseeondcoremeanatoractuation by thereactionbetween its ownneid and producedbythecoilmeansot-saidseeondeore gmeansimonrotationotthemsane atthetrflsat thesecondcore 1 11. Incombination,atransmitter comprisinga connections and a single phaseondeorememberoimagneticaliypermeablsma- V 15'.Anelectromagnetictransmitteremnprising relativelystationarycoremeansoimagnetieally permeable material, eoil means on mid eore meansandhavingpolyphaseeonneetioauanda .sinaie phase connection, certainoa saideoameemagneticrelationwithsaid 

